How Bar Graphs Are Used to Display Data

How Bar Graphs Are Used to Display Data A bar graph is a way to visually represent qualitative data. Qualitative or categorical data occurs when the information concerns a trait or attribute and is not numerical. This kind of graph emphasizes the relative sizes of each of the categories being measured by using vertical or horizontal bars. Each trait corresponds to a different bar. The arrangement of the bars is by frequency. By looking at all of the bars, it is easy to tell at a glance which categories in a set of data dominate the others. The larger a category, the bigger that its bar will be. Big Bars or Small Bars? To construct a bar graph we must first list all the categories. Along with this, we denote how many members of the data set are in each of the categories. Arrange the categories in order of frequency. We do this because the category with the highest frequency will end up being represented by the largest bar, and the category with the lowest frequency will be represented by the smallest bar. For a bar graph with vertical bars, draw a vertical line with a numbered scale. The numbers on the scale will correspond to the height of the bars. The greatest number that we need on the scale is the category with the highest frequency. The bottom of the scale is typically zero, however, if the height of our bars would be too tall, then we can use a number greater than zero. We draw this bar and label the bottom of it with the title of the category. We then continue the above process for the next category and conclude when bars for all categories have been included. The bars should have a gap separating each of them from one another. An Example To see an example of a bar graph, suppose that we gather some data by surveying students at a local elementary school. We ask every one of the students to tell us what his or her favorite food is. Of 200 students, we find that 100 like pizza the best, 80 like cheeseburgers, and 20 have a favorite food of pasta. This means that the highest bar (of height 100) goes to the category of pizza. The next highest bar is 80 units high and corresponds to cheeseburgers. The third and final bar represents the students who like pasta the best and is only 20 units high. The resulting bar graph is depicted above. Notice that both the scale and categories are clearly marked and that all the bars are separated. At a glance, we can see that although three foods were mentioned, pizza and cheeseburgers are clearly more popular than pasta. Contrast With Pie Charts Bar graphs are similar to pie chart since they are both graphs that are used for qualitative data. In comparing pie charts and bar graphs, it is generally agreed that between these two kinds of graphs, bar graphs are superior. One reason for this is that it is much easier for the human eye to tell the difference between the heights of bars than wedges in a pie. If there are several categories to graph, then there can be a multitude of pie wedges that appear to be identical. With a bar graph, it is easier to compare heights a know which bar is higher. Histogram Bar graphs are sometimes confused with histograms, probably because they resemble each other. Histograms do indeed also use bars to graph data, but a histogram deals with quantitative data that is numerical rather than qualitative data, and of a different level of measurement.

Write a paper that addresses how some component of BUSINESS will Research

Write a that addresses how some component of BUSINESS will impact the career for which you are studying - Research Paper Example I believe this component of business will be useful in my career since it will enable me forecast the human resource requirements of the organization and understand how to design the organizational structure depending on the reporting relationships and need for coordination of various related jobs (Griffin 23). This component will enable me become more proactive in my future career and understand how to accurately forecast the human talent demands of the organization. In this case, I will be capable of projecting the likelihood of increase in demand of the products through various management models and plan in advance in order to ensure the organization has the right mix of skills to cater for the future needs (Mathias and Jackson 45) Management will be essential in designing well defined jobs that will ensure task and job clarification. I will be capable of ensuring that the job design caters for the education, skills and other attributes that are essential for effective performance of the job and facilitates cooperation of the related jobs in order to facilitate the attainment of the overall organizational objectives (Griffin 34). As a human talent management professional, I will be tasked with recruitment and training of employees. I believe a major in management will enable me identify numerous recruitment sources and various training methods are suitable for the training needs of the employees. I will ensure the recruitment criteria is aligned with the specific job description and training methods aim at improving the output and productivity of all employees in the organization(Mathias and Jackson 135). This component of business will be essential in my career as a human resource manager since the directing function of managers is relevant in supervision, motivation and leadership of human resources in the organization. Management will introduce me to numerous leadership models and

World War II through the 1970s Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World War II through the 1970s - Research Paper Example The very first effect was the development of an anti-war attitude and a general decline in patriotism among a considerable number of Americans. The nation witnessed many protests like the Chicano Moratorium that marred the integrity of the nation. Since then, the nation has been ideologically split into two spheres in all military activities. Also, it becomes necessary for Presidents to select such generals and admirals who are ready to carry out the military policy laid out for them. Also, the Presidents never get the chance to get the people united even in war situations. The political impact of the war is evident from the fact that the War Power Resolution was enacted by the Congress to forbid the President from sending troops abroad without the consent of the Congress. According to Albert and Henderson (2002, 56-57), the war resulted in the incorporation of an anti-war sentiment and a Vietnam syndrome as evidenced by films, magazines and social movements. The Civil Rights Act too had profound impact on the American society, economy and culture. An immediate effect was the improvement in the education levels of the African American students. In the opinion of Donohue III and Heckman (1991), a similar trend was visible in gender equality too; and the legislation also resulted in a significant improvement in the average income of blacks. Also, it considerably improved the work environment for the immigrants. Thus, all these years, America remained an attractive destination for immigrants, which has both positive and negative consequences according to the scholars. Because of this race-friendly legislation, America has become a society with various races ranging from whites, Asians, American Indians, Hawaiians, and pacific islanders. This resulted in the development of a vibrant culture that has wide variety in music, literature and all other art forms. As the World War I ended, America realized the heavy loss it incurred as a result of the involvement in the w ar. Realizing the fact that the war was a disastrous mistake, the nation introduced a number of Neutrality Acts, and stayed away from issues like the Japan invasion of Manchuria, German effort to raise arms, and Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia. Secondly, America was facing the brunt of the Great Depression that had a traumatic effect on the nation’s economy. So, America was unable even to think about another war in the imminent future. Thirdly, America had peace treaties with a number of nations ranging from Britain, Japan and France. So, America was not willing to show more attachment towards any nation as it would dissatisfy the others. As Macdonald, Holden and Andener (1988) point out,women played a significant role in support of the American Military. Firstly, many women joined the nurse corps and the armed forces so that the men could be deployed in the combat front. Also, many women volunteered to run the government during the crisis. Secondly, females readily accep ted the traditional male jobs in factories when the factories were set for war production. Thirdly, women activists engaged in activities like social fundraising and blood collection for war (p.23). The first breakthrough (as cited in (Lawnix. Com, 1954), came in the year 1954 in the form of a Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that setting separate educational facilities for blacks and whites is unconstitutional. It was this ruling that gave way to the civil rights movement. The second important breakthrough was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that ensured voting rights for the blacks. As Ryan (2010) points out, the first political awareness came in the realization that America is fully of

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM - Essay Example Solicitors were more concerned with office work such as the preparation of contracts for clients. Since 1991, solicitors with a little extra qualification have been allowed to act as advocates before the highest courts. On the other hand, barristers can now deal directly with professional clients without the intervention of a Solicitor. Many commentators believe that the two legal professions, once almost entirely separate, are slowly entering a state of gradual fusion as both are training and qualifying themselves to serve in the capacity of the other. Solicitors require a practicing certificate if they are to be involved in legal work. An exception is made for those in local government, commerce and industry. In 1996 there were 8702 firms of solicitors in England and Wales which earned at least  £15,000 per annum, with 4,377 of those firms classified as sole practitioners.1 There are also Legal Executives who qualify separately from both Barristers and Solicitors. Legal Executives carry out lower-level procedural or transactional work and must work under the supervision of a Solicitor. These functionaries are classified as paralegals in other countries. The practice of having Licensed Conveyancers started in 1986. They work separately from solicitors and are focused on domestic property transactions. The profession has its own system of qualification. The legal profession is largely self-regulated. The chief methods of regulation are; restrictions on entry, restrictions on advertising and other means of promoting a competitive process within the profession and restrictions on fee competition. The associations that regulate the practice of legal professionals are largely independent of government control. The main tool for regulation of the legal profession comprises the limitations imposed on who may enter into the legal profession. To become a solicitor one must take one of two degree routes or,

Beauty Product Advertisements: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Beauty Product Advertisements: A Critical Discourse Analysis Beauty Product Advertisements: A Critical Discourse Analysis ABSTRACT This study deals with the study of advertisements about different beauty products from critical discourse analysis perspectives this research mainly concern with the use of language in the beauty product advertisements and how these ads influence the costumers. This study is basically focused on Fairclough’s three dimensional frame works. A qualitative research was conducted on the beauty product advertisements of famous beauty products. The main reason to choose this topic was my interest in English language and advertising, for the most part from linguistic point of view. I find advertising language fascinating; therefore, I want to discover its principles, strategies and structure of creative writing and grammatical structures. Advertising has become the part and parcel of present-day life. From everywhere around us, advertisements of different types attack our privacy. In spite of it, there is an attractive power, which is able to control the consumer; an invisible voice o f advertisement advocates, encourages, asks, announces and deeply embeds into peoples’ minds. INTRODUCTION Advertising is an inevitable part of our modern capitalist consumer society whose outstanding feature is its competitive fight. â€Å"†¦advertising is not some external curiosity which we examine, from which we are separate and superior, but something of which we are part, and which is part of us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cook 1996: 182). â€Å"Advertising, generally speaking, is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually performed by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy.† (http://www.wikipedia.org/) The American Heritage Dictionary says that the advertising is: â€Å"The activity of attracting public attention to a product or business, as by paid announcements in the print, broadcast, or electronic media. The business of designing and writing advertisements. Advertisements considered as a group: This paper takes no advertising.† Advertisement is a concrete manifestation of advertising; â€Å"a paid public announcement appearing in the media.† (http://www.motto.com/glossary.html) Another definition of advertising is according to the Investor words glossary: â€Å"Description or presentation of a product, idea, or organization, in order to induce individuals to buy, support, or approve of it.† (http://www.investorwords.com/129/advertising.html) METHODOLOGY Advertisements are seen as media discourse as they involve language and social processes. Hence fair Clough’s framework is used to show the link between the nature of social practice and the properties of language â€Å"texts†. Beauty product advertisements in English Language were analyzed. The sample which I have taken for my research are the several international beauty brands named as L’Oreal, Olay, Garnier, Himalaya, Dove, Vaseline, Lancà ´me I have taken some ads of these two brands on different products. The data analysis is based on Fair Clough’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework (2001). Hence this framework is used to show the link between the nature of social practice and the properties of language â€Å"texts†. His three-dimensional framework includes a conception of discourse as text (micro level), discourse practice (meso level) and socio cultural practice (macro level). Its aim is to explore the relationships among language, ideology and power and to find out how advertisers persuade the women to buy their products. Th us, this study focused on analyzing the linguistic features of beauty product advertisements and highlights how the use of language tends to influence women beliefs based on the content of the advertisements. Literature review Cook (1992, p.5) states that advertising is a famous discourse type in practically all fashionable societies, and we live in a society where it is already well established_ or rapidly gaining ground. The important distinguishing feature of ad discourse is its function, because this is always to convince people to buy a particular product. But, this is not the only function. According to Durant Lambrou (2009, p.93), at the same time, advertising conveys information, so that consumers know what is available, who makes it, and where and how they can get it. FEATURES OF CONTEXT IN ADVERTISING DISCOURS E 1 .Substance (physical material of ad) 2. Music and pictures 3. Para language (voice, gestures, type and size of letters, etc.) 4. Situation (the properties and relations of objects and people in the vicinity of the text, an s Perceived by the participants) 5. Co-text (text which precedes or follows that under analysis†) 6. Inter text (text which the participants perceive as belonging to other discourse but which They associate with the text under consideration, and which affect their interpretation†) 7. Participants: senders, addressers, addressees and receivers. 8. Function :(what the text is intended to do by the senders and addressers, or perceived to Do by the receivers and addressees†) (Cook, 1992:1-2) ANALYSIS Textual analysis This portion of my research deals with the linguistics features of the advertisements to be analysed.At this level we analyze vocabulary, syntax and rhetorical devices use in the ads to be analyzed. In the study there was a great use of direct talk in the advertisements. The use of the second-person personal and possessive pronouns such as ‘you’ and ‘yours’ seek to address the readers directly and personally. When people are addresses individually rather than as part of group viewers, it is considered highly valued. This handling of people on an individual basis is referred as ‘synthetic personalization’ (Fairclough, 1989:62).The ads which I have taken for my research mainly used direct address. Examples are given below Because you’re worth it (L’Oreal) Open up to your beautiful potential (Olay) Why do you want to try Vaseline spray? (Vaseline spray) Can your body wash nourish this deeply? (Dove) Keep your skin pure.(Himalaya) Love your lips.( Lancà ´me) Tired of whitening promises? We have proof (Vaseline) In the advertisements there are also questions forced to the readers to create a personal relationship to engage with the readers. Can your body wash nourish this deeply? ( dove body wash ad ) Is your volume true? Or â€Å"false†? (cover girl mascara ad) By using questions and imperatives the advertisers are trying to create a closer bond with the readers Another type of policy to simulate everyday way is the use of disjunctive syntax, that is, sentences without verbs or subjects. These sentences consist of one or two grammatical items only. Examples are: Take care (Garnier) 24 hours of care (Vaseline) The other important strategy which advertisers use in their ads is use of positive adjectives to manipulate the customers. There are the positive adjectives which were use in those ads which I have taken for analysis these are: Vibrant, True, Beautiful, Fairness, Pure, Soft, Clear, High Potency, Anti aging, Luxury, long wear, Beauty, Moisture, Touchable soft. Negative adjectives Some negatives adjectives are also used in the ads. These are: Mess, Oily skin, Dark spots, Crow’s feet ,forehead wrinkles, laugh lines, brightness, evenness, Dryness, Dullness, Neck slackening, aging, Dark spot, lines and wrinkles, open pores uneven skin tone. The use of pronouns in advertisements helps create a friendly atmosphere to persuade the audience. It creates a positive and friendly environment between customers and advertiser. Examples of pronouns in the beauty product advertisements in this study are: Keep your skin pure. Purifies to give you naturally skin. Love your lips. Aura is our science. The skin tone of your dreams. Advertisers also use technological and scientific words to attract readers. By using such words they hope to imitate an image of professionalism and advancement in technology. In order to impress the consumers, advertiser’s choice to scientific words and information to create an impression that they are new with technology. The followings are extracts from the commercials in this study. Protects skin from UV rays with SPF-18, preventing skin dullness and melasma. with 100% herbal activities of neem.For naturally soft and clean skin Advertisers use different techniques to make their advertisements more attractive .the main technique which advertisers use in beauty products advertisement is the use of metaphors. In the ads metaphors are used such as: new cats eyes [ mascara ad] life is a fairy tale [ face wash ad] The bribery is another skill to attract the customers to the product Such as: Buy one get one free Get a free sample shop it now. Get a chance to buy a free bottle. The use of numbers in an advertisement is a technique to catch the attraction of customers towards the product. For example in following advertisements. 24 hours of care (Vaseline) 200 % more volume zero clumps(mascara ad)  ¼ moisturizing cream hydrates skin (dove) Get up to 2 tones fairer in just 7 days.(garnier) 6 hours high potency lip color (Lancà ´me lipstick) 100% black 100% bold (L’Oreal mascara) Fight 15 signs of ageing (L’Oreal ) The uses of short slogans make it easy for people to remember the brand, the product and the message. For example Go fresh (dove) Take care (garnier) Feel it, wear it ,love it (L’Oreal) Love your lips ( Lancà ´me) References Cook, G. (1992). The Discourse of Advertising. 5. London: Routledge. Durant, A. Lambrou, M. (2009). Language and Media.93. London: Routledge. Cook. (1992):The Discourse of Advertising. Londons :Routledge and Kegan Paul

Silas Marner Essay -- essays research papers

In George Eliot’s Silas Marner, the reader is introduced to a number of characters that possess the elements of selfishness. Silas Marner, Godfrey Cass, and Dunstan Cass exhibit this trait numerous times during novel. Even though these characters all exhibit selfishness during this story, by the end their characteristics are not similar at all. This schism of development is one of the themes of the story that will be analyzed. Regardless of the similar characteristics characters may possess in the beginning of the story, they can become very different people by the end. These characteristics are not limiting and do not hinder the development of a character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dunstan Cass is a character that the reader finds extraordinarily selfish. The degree to which he manipulates people to gain more money and have a good time is ridiculous. In one instance, the speaker takes the reader into the mind of â€Å"Dunsey† as he is contemplating his plan to further scam his brother, Godfrey. In more than one instance, Dunstan reassures himself that he is more cunning than his brother and that manipulating him has become more like a game than anything else. Dunstan gathers loans from his brother and other townspeople and never pays them off. The precious gold of Silas Marner also falls prey to the tireless machine of greed that lies within   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Callahan, Thomsen 2 Dunstan’s desensitized mind. The fact that he is taking something of much value away from a simple man like Silas Marner never crosses his mind as he makes his way into Marner’s house and steals the gold pieces. The purpose of the theft is not for the sake of being mean, but rather it is an opportunity to bail himself out of another hole he has dug by manipulating Godfrey. Of the three characters that are first introduced to the reader as being selfish, Dunstan remains cold and selfish even at the end of the novel. He does not learn anything and he does not go through a dramatic change in his life that will force him to re-evaluate his actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Godfrey Cass, brother to Dunstan Cass, is perhaps a litt... ... Thomsen 4 lives in. Furthermore, this action makes Silas look more human and compassionate to his fellow villagers. This opens Silas to inclusion by the group, and the townspeople, especially Dolly Winthrop, help Silas to raise Eppie. By the end of the novel Silas is very highly regarded by the members of his community and he appears to be very content with himself. This shows how Silas is transformed from a recluse miserly weaver to a kindhearted pillar of the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This transformation that Silas and Godfrey both undergo is a testament to the careful characterization employed by Ms. Eliot. This transformation, among other details, defines these characters making them appear vividly to the reader. Dunstan Cass’ actions are predictable making him take the form of a simple stock character. In literature, a character’s importance can often be measured by how vividly they are portrayed. This is also true in Silas Marner, where Silas and Godfrey are totally round characters, who are intricately involved in almost all important parts of the story; while Dunstan is extremely static, falling outside of the inner circle of highly important characters.

Managing Diversity in Global Companies

When a firm starts to function internationally, an understanding of culture and its impact on behavior, particularly management behavior and practices, becomes essential. Very often, people experience difficulties when they have to work in another culture because peoples’ world views and mental programs are different in different cultures. Culture has been called â€Å"the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes one human group from another† (Hofstede, 1980). Thus, the objectives of managing diversity in organizations emphasize the appreciation of differences in creating a setting where everyone feels valued and accepted. These objectives are: 1.) To monitor an organization's success or progress in managing diversity by organizational surveys of attitudes and perceptions, among other means. 2.) To create and shape the firm’s common set of values that will strengthen ties with customers, enhance recruitment, and the like 3.) To resist the fear of change in the organization itself and resist the discomfort of differences among the individuals in the organization. Even though there may be real economic benefits to expanding the world view of executives and corporations, developing recognition of the existence and benefits of diversity in global management does not come easily to US managers, who often have less exposure to multicultural realities in their workplace compared to their European or Asian counterparts. At present, most companies remain largely indifferent to changing corporate America's predominantly white status quo. But gradually, it is reassuring to know that some 300 or so companies that are aggressively pursuing diversity initiatives. They include companies such as General Motors and Starwood Hotels that have excelled at seeking out and doing business with black suppliers, many of which are represented on the Black Enterprise Best Companies for Diversity list of the nation's largest black-owned companies. To make the BE Best Companies for Diversity list, a company must demonstrate significant representation of African Americans and other ethnic minorities in four key areas: corporate procurement, corporate boards, senior management, and the total workforce. Others, such as Xerox Corp. and FedEx Express, are among the very best at bringing talented people of color into the senior management ranks of their companies, while PG&E and Marriott International are among those that have excelled at African American board representation. And when it comes to fostering diversity, corporations such as McDonald's Corp. and Verizon are old hands (Black Enterprise, July 2005). However, when companies decide to venture in the global arena, it is significant that the manager is reminded that the first imperative for effectively managing cultural diversity is cultural sensitivity. In fact, according to Clark (1987), one of the most recognized global brands, Coca-Cola, attribute their success to the ability of their people to hold and to understand the following perspectives simultaneously: Their corporate culture. The culture of their brand. The culture of the people to whom they market the brand. When global firms, small as well as large, service as well as manufacturing, have workforces that are distributed broadly across continents, and increasingly in emerging markets of the world. They include people from many countries and cultures, speaking many languages and educated in very different systems. The challenge for diversity for them would be twice as difficult. Thus, to manage diversity, domestically or globally, Laurent (1986) recommended espousing modern human resource strategy that requires these minimal orientations: An explicit recognition by headquarters that its own way of managing reflects the home culture values and assumptions. An explicit recognition by headquarters that foreign subsidiaries may have different ways of managing people, which may be more effective. A willingness to acknowledge cultural differences, and to take steps to make them discussible and, thus, usable. A commitment to the belief that more creative and effective ways of managing people can be developed as a result of cross-cultural learning. As companies continue to expand worldwide, human resource leaders are finding that a one-size-fits-all global solution to promote diversity that does not exist. According to Kurt Fischer, Vice President Business HR. and Diversity Officer of Corning Incorporated, HR managers often find that basic HR functions–compensations. benefits, staffing – no longer support their company’s business strategy. Leaders today are faced with the challenge of rethinking and restructuring how they will deliver HR services – and on a global basis. He suggested transforming HR globally through Centre of Excellence Approach (Stopper, 2003). According to Fischer, the Centre of Excellence approach provides content experts within the HR organization who focus on meeting strategic business needs. For example, a company's HR functions may be aligned with its businesses on paper but not in practice. This disconnect can be addressed through a Centre of Excellence approach, which provides content experts within the HR organization who focus on meeting strategic business needs. These experts serve as consultants to corporate business divisions and develop customised HR products and services to support business issues. For the Centre of Excellence approach to be effective, it should map to three levels of HR transformation: strategic, operational, and foundational. On the strategic level, HR leaders must work to define key HR objectives and a new value proposition with their client business divisions–in effect, changing HR’s positioning in the organization. A non-threatening way to accomplish this task is to participate with business divisions in developing their annual business strategy, and then craft an HR strategy to help each division meet its business goals. HR leaders must transform the organization's HR foundation, addressing core â€Å"people† elements of its change. Flexible networks of HR staff should be established to work cooperatively toward shared workforce management goals. A formalized HR reporting and organizational relationship system should be developed, and key HR performance requirements, accountabilities, and competencies defined. This right mixture of diversity is said to provide a wide-array of solutions to various problems and situations. On the other hand, it is also a venue for introducing conflict and disagreement. As the intense global competition zooms in largely on knowledge, creativity, and human talent, multinational firms are finding it more important to make full use of their entire workforce, tapping the creative energy and talents of all their employees. Their task is to find ways of succeeding not in spite of a diverse workforce, but because of it. At the same time, consistency is more important than ever. The integration of activities calls for close communication and reliable interaction, whereas the presence of global customers requires a single integrated approach to product delivery.   In view of this, Beamish et al. (2003) deemed that striving for consistency and fostering diversity is a continual process. There is no final resting point where a firm attains high consistency and high diversity once and for all. When managers cannot grasp consistency and diversity in a single step; they have to continually improve both. Thus, the actual challenge for global firms lies in their thrust for consistency and then their emphasis for diversity; this is also in consideration of their commonalities and deriving the full benefits from their differences. Works Cited Beamish, Paul W., Morrison, Allen J., Inkpen, Andrew & Rosenzweig, Philip M.   International Management: Text and Cases, (5th ed.), New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003. Black Enterprise. The 30 Best Companies for Diversity: When it Comes to Minority Representation, These Corporations Mean Business. Earl G. Graves Publishing Co., Inc. 35.12 (July 2005): 112. Clarke, Jr., Harold F. â€Å"Consumer and Corporate Values: Yet Another View on Global Marketing,† International Journal of Advertising 6, (1987): 29–42. Hofstede, Geert. Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1980. Hunt, James G., Schermerhorn, J. R. Jr., and Osborn, R. N. Organizational Behavior, 8th edition, New York:   John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003. Laurent, Andre. â€Å"The Cross-Cultural Puzzle of International Human Resource Management,† Human Resource Management, 25.1, (Spring 1986): 91–102. Stopper, W. G. Current Practices. Human Resource Planning, 26.2 (2003): 5.